Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema is a long-term swelling that develops when the lymphatic system - the network that drains fluid from the body’s tissues - cannot keep up with demand, causing fluid to build up, most often in an arm or leg. It can be primary (related to how the lymphatic system developed) or secondary (following surgery, cancer treatment, infection, or damage to lymph nodes). While lymphoedema is a chronic condition, it can usually be managed well, and physiotherapy at Goji Physio in Lentor, Singapore plays a central role in reducing swelling, protecting the skin, and supporting comfort and function.

What causes lymphoedema?

Lymphoedema arises when the lymphatic system is overloaded or damaged. Common contexts include:

• Cancer treatment: surgery involving lymph nodes, or radiotherapy - for example after breast cancer treatment
• Surgery or injury affecting lymph drainage
• Infection or inflammation damaging lymphatic vessels
• Primary lymphoedema: a lymphatic system that developed with reduced capacity
• Chronic venous problems contributing to a mixed picture

Recognising and managing lymphoedema early tends to make ongoing management easier.

What are the signs of lymphoedema?

Early signs can be subtle and may include:

• A feeling of heaviness, tightness, or fullness in a limb
• Swelling that may come and go at first, then become more persistent
• Clothing, jewellery, or shoes feeling tighter on one side
• Skin changes over time, such as firmness or thickening
• Reduced flexibility or range of movement in the affected limb

Sudden increases in swelling, redness, warmth, or pain can indicate infection (such as cellulitis) and should be reviewed medically promptly.

What does a session at Goji involve?

Your physiotherapist will take a history - including any relevant surgery or treatment - and assess the affected area. This may include:

• Swelling assessment: measuring and comparing limb size and noting skin condition
• Skin and tissue check: looking at skin integrity and tissue texture
• Movement and function: how the swelling affects your range and daily activities
• Risk and self-care review: understanding your triggers and skin-care needs

You will leave with an explanation of your presentation and an individualised management plan.

How is lymphoedema managed?

Lymphoedema is typically managed with an approach often called complete decongestive therapy, which may combine:

• Manual lymphatic drainage: a gentle, specialised massage technique to encourage fluid movement
• Compression: bandaging or garments to reduce and control swelling
• Exercise and movement: to support lymphatic flow and function
• Skin care and self-management: to protect the skin and reduce infection risk

The emphasis is on effective long-term management and self-care, tailored to you and coordinated with your wider medical team.

Frequently asked questions

Can lymphoedema be cured?

Lymphoedema is generally a long-term condition rather than one that is cured, but it can usually be managed well. Good management can reduce swelling, protect the skin, and support comfort and function over time.

Will I need to wear compression garments forever?

Compression is often an ongoing part of management, but the type and amount are tailored to you and can change over time. Your physiotherapist will guide what is appropriate at each stage.

Is massage safe for lymphoedema?

Manual lymphatic drainage is a specialised, gentle technique different from regular massage, and it is delivered by trained clinicians. Your physiotherapist will advise on what is suitable for your situation.

Can exercise make swelling worse?

Appropriate, graded exercise generally supports lymphatic function rather than worsening swelling. Your physiotherapist will guide the right type and progression for you, often with compression in place.

How do I reduce my risk of infection?

Good skin care, prompt attention to cuts or breaks, and recognising early signs of infection are important. Your physiotherapist will give you practical self-care guidance as part of your plan.